人教版初中英语动词不定式在哪单元哪篇课文中出现
在第一册的正式单元的第一单元的第一页
“My name's Gina”里的对话：
My name'Jenny.
I’m Gina。Nice to meet you!
初中英语被动语态是第几单元学的？ 顺便给我个教程看看谢谢
人教新目标版 初三 Unit3
标题：Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes
（一）被动语态的构成
1．被动语态的基本结构：be＋动词过去分词
2．各种时态的主动被动语态结构(以动词do为例)
时态
主动语态
被动语态
例句
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/ does
am/ is/ are＋done
We clean the classroom.
The classroom is cleaned by us.
一般过去时
did
was/ were＋done
He made the kite.
The kite was made by him.
现在进行时
am/ is/are＋doing
am/ is/ are＋being done
She is watering flowers.
Flowers are being watered by her.
现在完成时
have/has＋done
have/ has＋been done
Jim has finished the work.
The work has been finished by Jim.
一般将来时
will/ shall/ be going to ＋do
will/ shall/ be going to＋be done
They will plant trees tomorrow.
Trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
过去进行时
was/ were＋doing
was/ were＋being＋done
She was writing a letter this time yesterday.
A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.
过去完成时
had＋done
had＋been＋done
Jim had finished the work.
The work had been finished by Jim.
过去将来时
would/ should/ be going to＋do
would/should/ be going to＋do
He said he would made a kite.
He said a kite would be made by him.
含有情态动词
can/ may/ must＋do
can/may/must＋be＋done
I can find him.
He can be found by me.
（二）被动语态的用法
被动语态中主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况
1．不知道动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.This watch is made in China.
这块手表是在中国制造的。
2．没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
e.g.More trees must be planted every year.
每年必须有更多的树被种植。
3．需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
e.g.Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
世界上越来越多的人说汉语(强调汉语的使用广泛)。
4．动作的发出者不是人时。
e.g.Many houses were washed away in the flood.
很多房屋在洪水中被冲走了。
（三）主动语态和被动语态的转换
1．主动语态变被动语态：
（1）要将主动句里的宾语成分变为被动句中的主语成分，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾格变主格。
（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变宾格，并由by引导。
（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
e.g.We asked him to sing an English song.
我们让他唱一首英语歌。
He was asked to sing an English song by us.
他被我们要求唱一首英语歌。
2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态
谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可接直接宾语转化成主语。若将间接宾语转化成主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化成主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。
e.g.She gave me a book. (变为被动语态)→
I was given a book. (间接宾语me改为主语)
A book was given to me. (育接宾语a book改为主语)
3．短语动词变为被动语态
许多由不及物动词构成的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。
e.g.We should speak to old men politely. (变为被动语态)→
Old men should be spoken to politely. (to不可省略)
4．带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态
宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。
e.g.I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变为被动语态)→
Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.
5．被动语态后动词形式的选择
主动句中在感官动词see、hear、watch、feel、notice等使役动词, 也称为感官动词，let、make、here等动词后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。
e.g.He makes the girl stay at home.(改为被动结构)→
The girl is made to stay at home.
Last Sunday we heard them sing Peking Opera in the theatre.(改为同义句)→
They were heard to sing Peking Opera in that theatre last Sunday.
四句话：①主语变成宾语；
②宾语变成主语；
③动词一分为二；
④时态体现在be动词上。
（四）被动语态的一些特殊的运用形式
1．主动结构表被动意义
（1）open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、burn、drive等词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意义。
e.g.This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
这种笔写起来很流畅。
This kind of shirt sells well here.
这种样式的衬衫在这很好卖。
（2）look、sound、taste、smell等系动词主动结构表被动意义。
e.g.Uniforms look ugly on us.
我们穿着制服很难看。
Mooncakes taste delicious.
月饼吃起来很好。
（3）be worth doing中，doing表被动意义。
e.g.This book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
（4）want/ need/ require＋doing相当于want/ need/ require＋to be done。to be done表不定式的被动结构。
e.g.My bike needs repairing.= My bike needs to be repaired.
我的自行车需要修理。
（五）不用被动语态的情况
1．主动句的宾语是each other或反身代词时，不能用于被动语态。
e.g.The man introduced himself as Mr. White. (主动语态)
那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。
Himself was introduced as Mr. White.(误)
They help each other study English. (主动语态)
他们互相帮助学习英语。
Each other is helped study English. (误)
2．当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用于被动语态。
e.g.We will have a meeting.
我们将开一个会。
3．主动语态的宾语是动词不定式或-ing形式时，不能用作被动语态的主语。
e.g.My brother enjoys watching TV
He asked to have a try.
他请求试一次。
注意：解答被动语态题目时，首先要判断主语和动作的关系，如果主语是动作的执行者，则用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。
动词不定式
在英语中，在动词之前加“to"构成”to do sth"结构称为动词不定式，可以在英语的句子中作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等句子成分，但不能作谓语。
动词不定式详细讲解
解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语
在中学教科书中，动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点；在历年高考中，动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一；在学生的学习实践中，动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识，下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。
I. 不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如：
It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。
It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。
2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同：前者作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如：
To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。
Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。
简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.
当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth."。例如：
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。
当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时，应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth."。例如：
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。
[高考题例]
1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for B. of C. about D. from
II. 不定式作宾语
1. 学习不定式作宾语时，要注意掌握四种动词：
1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。
3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，且没有大的区别的动词。常见动词有： start, begin, continue等。
4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，但意思不同的动词。常见动词及短语有:try, remember, fet, regret, stop, go on等。例如：
Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门。
I don't remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你。
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话，我本不该说那些话。
I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过驾驶测试。
The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 讨论完经济，部长接着谈论外交政策。
2. 动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。例如：
I don't think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。
I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。
3. "疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式"常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如：
I don't know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假。
Have you decided when to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗？
[高考题例]
3. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
5. -I usually go there by train.
-Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6. -Was the test difficult?
-Not at all. We found ________ .
A. it very easy for doing
B. very easy to do it
C. it very easy to do
D. it very easy to do it
7. -Do you know Mr. Smith?
-Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.
A. us B. it C. him D. you
8. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
9. Last summer I took a course on ________ .
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
III. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语时，应注意使用不定式的正确形式。请看下列句子：
I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做。
I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作要(别人)做。
Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗？
Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗？
简析：当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
IV. 不定式作状语
1. 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
[高考题例]
11. To be a great scientist, ________ .
A. maths is very important
B. maths is more important than other subjects
C. one must understand maths
D. maths is important to be understood
2. "主语+系动词+形容词+ to do sth."句式中，当形容词说明主语具有某种特征时，不定式不使用被动式。例如：
The naughty boy is hard to deal with.那个顽皮的男孩很难对付。
[高考题例]
12. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
Key:
1-5 CBAAD 6-10 CBDAC 11-12 CB